So here is a problem chain:
- We want cheap, easy, reliable food source.
- Therefore, we use fertilizers to make food production more efficient.
- These fertilizers eventually end up in rivers.
- The fertilizer causes Eutrophication, lots of algae, phytoplankton or cyanobacteria growth which hamper other plant/animal growth
- The algae, phytoplankton or cyanobacteria die and are then eaten by bacteria which use up all the oxygen.
- This creates hypoxia, or a dead spot in which most marine life cannot live.
So, here is what I think could be a solution.
- Gather nitrogen rich/algal rich waters and confine them.
- Allow more algae to grow.
- Harvest the algae
- Bacteria eat the algae, producing natural gas.
- Clean water returns back to the river.
Ideally the elevation head on the water would power most of the plant, and the natural gas production could pay for it.